According to research, a conflict scenario occurs between the state and ethnic groups, where the state rejects call for political power sharing or adequate representation in political and administrative institutions. It is also explicitly stated that the meaning of ethnic politics is determined by political, economic, and social issues. The researcher identified four indicators to measure the threat to Pakistan's national integration, besides highlighting the elements causing ethnic politics and conflict environment. A detailed survey of three ethnic groups from the three provinces of Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan was also included in the study. The investigation concludes that a specific structural and perceptual point of view needs to be created to promote national integration. The role of the state is key to achieving this goal. In pluralistic societies like Pakistan, political engagement, political reforms and social giving can bring about change instead of clinging to old restrictive regimes.

Keywords: conflict scenario, state, ethnic groups, political power sharing, representation, national integration, ethnic politics, political engagement, political reforms, social giving.